Metamorphic rocks metamorphic rocks rocks that have been subjected to either enough heat or pressure to cause the minerals in that rock to undergo solid state chemical changes. Geologic map of the ringing rocks pluton, jefferson county, montana licensing. The intrusive types are usually found in areas called plutons and dikes, big old pools of molten rock that were just beneath the surface. This will lead us into discussions on magma, silicate minerals, and the construction of a useful illustration that may be used to both name an igneous rock and determine its mineral content. In the last lecture we looked at the nature and classification of igneous rocks.
Parent material of igneous rocks forms from partial melting of rocks magma at surface is called lava general characteristics of magma general characteristics of magma. Igneous rocks form when magma, molten rock, rises upward. Rocks and minerals power point and activities in pdf. Type of rock can indicate environment of deposition. A strain is a change in size, shape, or volume of a material. There are thousands of different minerals, but a very few kinds feldspar, mica and quartz, for example are found in nearly all the earths rocks. Weathering is a general term used for the physical and chemical breakdown of rocks at the earths surface by rain, wind. Describing igneous rocks in the field involves the collection of a complete and comprehensive set of observations of igneous minerals relative abundance, type, color, size, and quality, textures and other significant characteristics. Mineral and rock guide booked city college of san francisco. Geologic map of the ringing rocks pluton, jefferson county, montana.
Rocks and minerals unit this is a unit i designed for my primarily preschooler, but my older two kids 2nd, 4th grades will join in as well. Students will be able to define and describe how the three major types of rocks are formed. These and many more factors give the same type of sedimentary rock vastly different appearances, making rock identification a challenge. For example, the rock sandstone consists mainly of grains of sand pressed and cemented together. The original rocks may be sedimentary, igneous or metamorphic rocks. Then determine the texture of the rock and based on the two, identify t. Sorting and rounding provide information that can help decipher the history of a. We here modify that definition somewhat to say that a strain also includes any kind of movement of the material, including translation and tilting. Under high temperature and pressure, the sediment becomes compacted.
Metamorphic rocks qfiles the online library of knowledge. These were developed from some frequently asked questions from middle and upper primary school students in response to handling a selection of rocks and minerals. Mostly k spar no quartz syenite pegmatitic mostly feldspar. Pdf file the interior of earth and formation of magmas pdf file magmatic differentiation pdf file igneous rocks of the oceanic lithosphere pdf file igneous rocks of convergent margins pdf file igneous rocks of the continental lithosphere pdf file pyroclastic rocks.
Rocks and minerals help scientists decipher things about past periods on our earth and other planets. Some minerals in rocks undergoing metamorphism may be transformed into. This is why we say that the changes are solid state. It is hoped that the activities in this resource can be used to explore the. Sedimentary rocks are formed on the earths surface under normal surface temperature and pressures. Darkcolored rocks are more basic and have a higher percentage of ferromagnesian minerals.
Granite not only are they different colors, but there are also different types the three main types are igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. Collision of continents or deep burial provide some of the conditions necessary to partially melt and alter rocks. Rocks and minerals ruth siddall encyclopedia of life support systems eolss minerals, it is possible not only to investigate the evolution of earth, but also to improve. The rock cycle the cycle does not always follow the central circular course. Rocks and minerals power point and activities in pdf file. These sheets require tracing, some matching, and some. Rocks formed from lava are extrusive, or volcanic rocks. See files on canvas site for this course for the pdf file. Sometimes, its possible to identify the different minerals in a.
Below this point rocks behave in an increasingly ductile manner. A mixture of minerals implies the presence of more than one mineral grain, but not necessarily more than one type of mineral. Igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks. Make sure you have an adult helping you since youll be using the stove. Texture refers to the physical appearance or character of a rock, such as grain size, shape, and arrangement. Because volcanoes help form extrusive igneous rocks. The rock cycle helps us understand what conditions helped formed those rocks, which can tell us a lot about the history of a region. Minerals each have their own color, shape, hardness, way of splitting, and luster. Igneous rocks descriptions name wasatchuinta field camp. Science rocks is organised around a series of focus questions about rocks and minerals. Granite is usually composed of quartz, feldspar, and mica. Fun rock facts for kids information about types of rocks.
If the rock is formed by cooled, hardened magma on the surface of the earth, it is called extrusive igneous rock. Mineral size, or grain size in sedimentary rocks, is a noticeable textural feature. Metamorphic rocks this rock type is created by heat andor pressure. Rocks and minerals unit the science zonewhere everyones a.
Lecture notes mechanical properties of rocks earth. Examples of igneous rocks include granite, basalt, gabbro, obsidian and pumice. For example, lightcolored igneous rocks are more acidic and have over 65% silica. Large rocks are broken down very gradually and the smaller pieces are transported by. Angular gravel, poor sorted, grains rocks, so the upper part of the mantle is again strong. Identifying rocks and mineralstypes of rocks wikibooks. Sedimentary rocks can be weathered and eroded and form new sediments. Marble, slate, gneiss and quartzite are all examples of metamorphic rocks. Metamorphic rocks never melt if they did they would become igneous magma. Metamorphic rocks form when preexisting rocks are changed by intense heat and pressure at depth in the earths crust. Rasmussen revised from a booklet by susan celestian 2012 donations for reproduction from. A resource for developers looking to put html5 to use today, including information on specific features and when to use them in your apps.
Then determine the texture of the rock and based on the two, identify t he rock name. Introduction to classification of rocks using the building. Some rocks are made of only one mineral, such as marble, which is made of calcite. For metamorphic and igneous rocks the same reasoning is applicable, with a grain size qualification only being necessary in the coarser grained rocks. From rocks to ridges the formation of mountain landscapes in the north of ireland research pdf available may 2015 with 69 reads how we measure reads.
Angular gravel, poor sorted, grains geography the earths crust is composed of rocks. Each rock group is further subdivided into subgroups that are defined by the mode of origin of the rocks. Metamorphic sedimentary igneous metamorphic sedimentary igneous. On the basis of mode of formation the rocks are divided into three categories. Physical geology in our overview of the earth, we found out that earths internal heat combined with other mechanisms causes rocks to melt in the asthenosphere and lithosphere. Yearly or seasonal changes in the types of sediments that reach a region will show layering within a clastic rock. We hope you and your students will enjoy this unit. Large rocks are broken down very gradually and the smaller pieces are transported by wind, water, and ice. Rocks and minerals types, facts, etc cool kid facts.
Metamorphic rocks are formed when rocks are subjected to such great pressure and heat that their mineral composition is altered. Students list what is made from rocks and explain what they think about why rocks look different. L a k e s u p e r i o r munising falls interpretive center interagency visitor center nps and usdafs p i c t u r e d r o c k s grand marais maritime museum grand sable visitor center 6mi 10km 6mi 10km 8mi km 1mi 2km 8mi km 1mi 2km 3mi 5km 25mi 40km 10mi 16km 4mi 1mi 2km 3mi 1mi 2km 6mi 10km 5mi 8km 5mi 8km 14km 3mi 5km 1mi 2km 25mi 40km l. Igneous rocks aphanitic andor vesicular pegmatitic or phaneritic glassy pyroclastic mostly feldspar minerals mostly mafic minerals mostly k spar mostly plagioclase. The classification in table 7 is been based on visual identification using a hand lens. When magma cools and solidifies it forms igneous rock. Rocks and minerals the mars rover curiosity is looking for in gale crater. The minerals in some metamorphic rocks are new, having formed by reactions among the original mineral grains. Death on the rocks is an evening of romantic scandal, poisonous gossip, political tension and murder. Degassingvolatiles release hydrothermal alteration and lowgrade metamorphism crystal accumulation presence of xenocrysts and. English language learners communicate information, ideas, and concepts necessary for academic success in the content area of science. Rock cycle diagram changing of rocks by high temperature and pressure weathering of rocks and sedimentation of porous substance.
Types of rocks and their properties pdf download geography the earths crust is composed of rocks. Rock identification adapted from don peck page 5 of 16 the rock identification key about the rock identification key this rock key has been designed and written to assist children and adults in identifying the common rocks they find in their back yards and on memorable vacations. Name date 1 igneous rocks middle school science blog. Various combinations of minerals make up different types of rocks. Metamorphic rocks can likewise form sedimentary rocks. Types of rocks and their properties pdf download geography. This unit is perfect for teachers who integrate science and ela. Metamorphic rocks make up a large part of the continental crust. Sedimentary rocks weathering, erosion, deposition, and lithification layered rock on mars may indicate sedimentary rock red beds indicate oxygenation of early earth importance of sedimentary rocks. To identify name igneous rocks, you determine two things about the rock. Teacher will bring a variety of beautiful colorful rocks.
First determine composition, which is based on mineral content or color, if you cant see minerals. Chapter 12 rock formation and deformation introduction earths surface evolution has been considered so far as the product of a global machine the supercontinental cycle driven by tectonic processes which assemble, fragment and relocate crustal plates and the continents and ocean basins which they support. Rock cycle notes three types of rocks sedimentary igneous metamorphic sedimentary rocks sediment is produced through the process of weathering. Igneous rocks form as molten rock cools and solidifies general characteristics of magma. Sedimentary rocks form when these layers of sediment are pressed together until they harden into rock. Very common mineral in metamorphic and igneous rocks. There are three different types of rocks based on the way they form, igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic. Igneous rocks are broken up into three main groups. A rock can be composed of only one type of mineral. Igneous rocks are formed by the solidification and cooling of magma in volcanic.
To simplify the discussion we are severely reducing the number of igneous rocks you need to know to an essential few. Summary notes on minerals, rocks, and resources mineral any naturally occurring, inorganic solid with distinct physical and chemical properties facts about minerals. Rocks are classified into three distinct groups igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic and each is discussed in a separate section. Igneous rocks form when molten rock magma cools and solidi. Pdf from rocks to ridges the formation of mountain. C1 rocks and magmas a rock is defined as a consolidated mixture of minerals. This 100 page rocks and minerals unit includes a 25 page power point to highlight this terrific unit. But, just as in the crust, increasing temperature eventually predominates and at a depth of about 40 km the brittleductile transition zone in the mantle occurs. Some examples of igneous rock are granite, all volcanic rock, basalt, and obsidian. The rock files previously accessed from this page have been replaced with a series of fact sheets produced by geoscience australia. Deep drilling in the stable platform shows that the bulk of the continental crust is also made up of metamorphic rocks. We established that igneous rocks do vary in both texture and composition, and that the two properties can be used to classify them. Those minerals listed in capital letters are most likely to be.
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